Managing Cross Cultural Environment by Businesses in International Mar

Table of Contents Introduction Task 1 Discussion the chosen literature review Cross culture issues in marketing communications Cultural dilemmas of international management International organisations and operations addressing the cross culture communications condition efficiently Conclusion Task 2 Introduction Importance of the review literature and existing research. Conclusion Reference list Introduction Cross culture is one of the long known as the influence to the communications and success factors in the international business competition. Cultural awareness shapes the business firms behave in a culturally shaped international market. In order understand the communications process and cultural differences, company must adjourn the skills to capture the large competitive market in global platform (Arnould and Thompson, 2009). The field of international management is very much new and are known for changing rapidly within the change of the business areas. Globalisation has created large number for the companies to maintain the cultural decorum whole conducting business in the other nations. As noted by Theodosiou (2008), there has been numerous occasion , most of the companies are being and trying act and behave as loyal in order to sustain in that nations for create brand awareness among worldwide. This study will takes the 3 major literature theories of the already discussed liter atures review and will discussed the gap and the research design these literature ahs chosen (Brodie et al. 2008). Apart from that study also focus on the gap of these literatures which will be further reviewed within the existing literature review. Task 1 Question-Undertake a review of existing literature and research undertaken in the "field (Managing Cross Cultural Environment by Businesses in International Markets)" you selected to make a research design proposal? Discussion the chosen literature review Cross culture issues in marketing communications Kathy (2011), the chosen Literature has been given in doeth analysis of the culture of marketing communications in the international market. The literatures suggest that, communications is one of the most important parts of the any business form in order to achieve success in the current contemporary competitive market (Tsai et al. 2007). Even if the world has become more global, most of the nations are being has been claiming for the right to a culture in the internationally platform. The nation culture is depended upon their wearing, demographic, economic development and the living style of those people. As noted Rangaswamy et al. (2008), there have been numerous occasions, when the company is looking to manage and control the market by making scapegoat a culture. Cultural differences could create company to resist in the market. Most of the time, companies fails their products in certain countries, although it is very much known brand all over world. This simply because the lack o f the intangible barrier which cannot be seen by these companies. The literature also give emphasis on the importance of cross culture communications in China marketing , since there is many more factors that influence the relationship between Chinese and non Chinese business (Kathy 2011). As the literature mainly focusing on the Chinese economy and their cultural because of the China is being one of the large and potential destinations for the international brands. Apart from that study also focuses on the globalisations perspective which has made the marketing managers to understand the various cultures of different nations in order to promote their products in the international market (Adcock, 2010). The impact of the culture market communication leads to influence of the Chinese and western international business negotiations helps these companies to sustain the sensitive market like china (Boone and Kurtz, 2012). Cross culture communication is also one of the major factors which gives insight of the customer are different and their fundamental aspect of life is very much different from the other nations (Bose, 2010). Cultural dilemmas of international management The aim of this literature is to direct the cultural aspects of the international business management problems and the reason for the fail in the chosen the perspective to fight with cultural difference by the various international companies (Małgorzata and Luis, 2009). The first part of the chapter shows that, international management and the cultural dilemmas of the companies which are facing tough to survive the in the international market. With the help of various model like EPRG and I/R grid and as well as the intercultural management models which will give emphasis on the cultural dilemmas subject (Brodie et al. 2008). Figure 1: I/R Framework This above diagram depicts the problems in the international management while conducting the business in the international market ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric and the opportunism (Ephraim, 2013). There has been ample evidence which shows that, company changes its marketing strategy as the company is able to change overtime as its Globalisation deepens. The external selection factors are being ingrained within the home and host nations of which internalisations of the industries and the influence of the international institutions. The study will also give an insight of the I/R Grid framework which strong support the thought of the cultural diversity within the international business in order sustain in the international market (Rangaswamy et al. 2008). The selected problems during the time of internationalisations cultural dilemmas can be managed via implementing the effective international strategy, managing the appropriate organisational design and managing the people i n a cross cultural environment. Cultural differences helps to influence the all the common areas which will direct the gain the stakeholders confidences by creating values, beliefs and convictions and basic assumption of the certain areas (Javalgi and White, 2010). International organisations and operations addressing the cross culture communications condition efficiently As far as the study concern, the Globalisations has changes the form of the managing the markets by implementing the cross cultural communications within the decision making process of the organisations. The 21st century has global and independent economy which strongly shows the business leaders and their international entrepreneurship movement (Ephraim, 2013). The global exposure has been able to create think globally while producing or distributing the goods and services. With the help of cross culture communications, multinational companies are looking to manage the internal management skills in order to increase the scope of large customer base of their products and internal investment which will makes the company one of the largest franchisee in future (Ephraim 2013). One of the major challenges faced by the international business is choosing the transmission of send the message to the customers. Figure 2: Hosfstedes cultural dimensions theory With the help of Hosfstede cultural dimensions develop the cross culture negotiations and decision making within and among the companies. Importance of the cross culture depends upon the management and their strategies in their negotiations and cross cultural interactions. For examples, international business etiquettes requires the ability to adopt different national processes and patterns while entering into the global market (Bottomley and Doyle, 2008). One of the major challenges that are faced by the most of the organisation are direct eye contact and measure the honesty level and integrity from their work ethics are one of the major instrument of assessing the company progress in USA. However, in China and in some of the Asian nations direct eye contact mean to rudeness behaviour (Theodosiou, 2008). Therefore, much is depend on the tone and expression of facial consist shows the culture specific and non verbal communications. On the other hand, as noted by Varey (2007), with the help of comparative analysis of global business etiquettes, manager will have enough scope to manage the goodwill and creditability. For instance while conducting business in China, one must ensure to for face giving and face taking rather just selling of the products. Business etiquettes in England are based on the strong sense and based on the deadline oriented in business negotiations (Doole and Low, 2008). Conclusion From the above discussion it has been found that, global business orientations is very much expresses to use various model and theory to manage the cross culture environment within the international business market. These above theory has various gaps like cross culture concepts , and international business concept is very much wide aspect for the company. Managing cross culture within the nations is one of the major challenges which cannot be mitigate the by the some normal etiquettes or the market knowledge. This gap will be filled by the post reviewed literature which has not been yet discussed in all of these chapters. Task 2 Question- a. explain the importance of review literature and existing research in the research process. b. describe and evaluate the main sources of information for a literature review and justify your conclusions. Introduction The study of managing cross culture environment by business in international markets is the major purpose of the existing literature. After reviewing the existing literature given in the cross culture environment, it has been found that, there is huge gap in the field of research (Bose, 2010). The current research requires analysing the cross culture marketing tools to sustain in the international market which is somehow lacking the existing objectives of the research. Importance of the review literature and existing research The reviewed literature has given insight of the cross culture movement within the current competitive global business scenario. As the business is expanding worldwide, most of the business managers are looking to implement the cross culture environment within their business in order to maintain the decorum within the changing business environment. As noted by Adcock (2010), the above literatures focus on the communion skills etiquettes and cultural dilemma about the internal business globalised business. Specifically in that of communications, international business give emphasis to the cultural differences influences all areas which are mentioned above. However, there has been some of the gap which shows the objectives of the current literature is not been satisfied and is needed further studies for which the current study is required. The current study will mitigate the gap of business expand in the international markets, major ways in which performance of management of business p rocess can be ensured in a positive manner throughout the international markets (Boone and Kurtz, 2012). On the contrary, as discussed by Bottomley and Doyle (2008), the existing research will fill the gap of above given literatures which basically focus on the communications and etiquettes. The above literature requires further study for depend upon the study of cross culture in the international perspective. The entire objectives of the existing research has been not fulfilled as per the above objectives, In spite of that, the above literatures only fulfil theist objective of the study which is to analyse the need and importance of performing the management of cross cultural environment conditioned in the Global market (Theodosiou, 2008). Apart from that rest of two are been discussed above in detail. The above, study has done in the year 2009 which is very much outdated as per the companies report. The existing res4erachahs not fill gap of the current study of researcher which why the further study is required to get ensure that all major objective of the studies would fulfil. One of the major objectives which is to issues that faced by most of the internals business are being not discussed deepen (Kathy 2011). Only challenges like communication Gap international market and some of the major expression while conducting business has been conducted. Apart from that, the current study needs and great emphasis on the cross culture dimension for the conducting international business in a global platform (Bose, 2010). There has been ample evidence which shows that, the second most objective which is yet to be discovered in the above literature review. For the current assessment various types of ethnic group and their STP process is required to conduct business in other parts of the nations (Bowman and Gatignon, 2010). Conversely, the gap of STP process which is needed to be control and managed by the consumers of cross culture and different ethnic group which will again satisfies the current study. Conclusion As observed from the study, the researcher was not able to gather knowledge and decision making from the existing literatures. Cross culture is considered as one of the major essence of the topic and the existing literature is lacking to determine the choice selection of models. Cross culture recognition the growth was not achieved by particular organisations. There is gap in the above literatures which will be further discussed in the topic. Apart from that, the satisfaction level of the with existing level is low because most of the given literature shows that, MNC need to focus on the communications, etiquettes and interaction strategy while opening international business. However, all of these study does not satisfies the perception of the cross culture which could have been marketings strategy like STP process and Acculturation theory and model would reduce the gap within the existing literatures. Reference list Books Adcock, D. (2010) Marketing: Principles and practice. 4th ed. London, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publication. Boone, L. E. and Kurtz, D. L. (2012) Contemporary Marketing, Page 84, 7th ed. New York: Kaplan Publishing. Bose, C. (2010) Modern Marketing Principles Practice. . 5th ed. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Bowman, D. and Gatignon, H. (2010) Market Response and Marketing Models, 4th ed. London: Routledge. Doole, I. and Low, R. (2008) International marketing strategy. 5th ed. Bedford, London: Thomson Learning. Varey, R. (2007) Marketing communication: principles and practice. 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill: London. Journals Kathy T, (2011), Cross-Cultural Issues in Marketing Communications: An Anthropological Perspective of International Business, International Journal of China Marketing, vol. 2(1) 2011. Małgorzata R and Luis B, (2009). Cultural Dilemmas of International Management, Journal of Intercultural Management Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2009, pp. 9199. Ephraim O, (2013). International Organizations and Operations:An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Communication Effectiveness and Management Orientation, Journal of Business Management. Volume1 Number 1, January 2013. Arnould, E. J. and Thompson, C. J. (2009) Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 868-882. Managing cross cultural environment by businesses in international mar Question- Write a Research Proposal on Managing cross cultural environment by businesses in international markets?The research proposal must include a background which describes the basic situation underlying your project? Introduction Background: Businesses perform the expansion of their business activities at regular basis with a view to achieve higher level of growth in their operations. Such international expansion of business processes has been highly popularised because of closer integration of the world economy, and also because of rapid pace with which globalisation is pursued by businesses. There have been higher growth opportunities available in the international markets that drive businesses in expanding into such markets. However, the major business issue to them is mainly from the cross cultural environment conditions faced by them in the international markets which create difficulties to them in managing their processes successfully. The successful management of business activities require appropriate strategy and approach with respect to different important aspects related to it. As in respect to businesses in international markets, they are required to make adequate level of considerations for the c ross cultural environment conditions as prevalent within it (Ajami and Goddard, 2006). A study as carried out by Johnson, Lenartoeicz and Apud (2006), it has been assessed that one of the major reasons leading to the failure of businesses in international markets is mainly the lower overall ability of businesses to achieve higher level of competence with regard to the cultural factors. Cross cultural competence is essential to businesses in efficiently performing their operations in markets that are significantly different from their domestic business environment. The role of cultural differences across international boundaries has been identified as significantly important as identified by Shenkar (2001) and this gives an indication of the fact that businesses could achieve success across international environment by focusing towards managing this cultural environment factor. There are various such cases whereby businesses fail to recognise the cross cultural environment conditions across target market, and this has affected their performance in an adverse manner acro ss such international business environment conditions. One such example is of Coca Cola whereby the company failed to understand the cultural conditions across Asian markets, as it involved the slogan such as Coke Adds Life and this has been considered in a different manner by people. Because of the existence of cultural differences across Asian market, this slogan has been interpreted as Coke brings people from the dead situation (Long, 2004). Rationale for the Project: This project on performing the management of cultural conditions across international boundaries is highly justified after looking at the cases of failure of businesses. As suggested by Johnson, Lenartoeicz and Apud (2006), the most number of cases of failure of businesses across international markets is mainly because of lack of appropriate cultural understanding. This research report will allow for identifying the areas that must be given importance and also the ways in which the management of cross cultural environment can be performed in an efficient manner. Benefits of this Research: The performance of this research in an efficient manner will result into the attainment of benefits in the form of identification of important areas that must be given higher level of attention by management while managing their business processes across international environment. Apart from this, the necessary approach that must be followed by businesses in managing their business processes across international environment would also be identified from conducting this research. These benefits will be accrued from the successful completion of this research. Research Question and Research Objective: The research question that will be answered through conducting this research is mainly described as how the issues from cultural differences across international boundaries can be efficiently addressed by businesses? The important research objectives in addressing this particular research question are: To analyse the need and importance of performing the management of cross cultural environment conditions across international boundaries. To identify the issues those are mostly encountered by businesses from expanding to international markets. To evaluate the major ways in which the performance of management of business processes can be ensured in a positive manner across international boundaries in addressing the cross cultural environment conditions efficiently. Research Methods As this research is aimed at assessing the cross cultural management issues faced by businesses when they performs the expansion of their business processes and activities across international boundaries, the researcher is required to make adequate level of consideration with respect to the collection of appropriate data. The data collection methodology is highly essential to be appropriate in ensuring that the research question is appropriately answered. This section of research methodology considers the application of different aspects related to data collection methods so that the actual collection of data can be performed in a highly efficient manner. These aspects are discussed as follows: Research Philosophy: The selection of an appropriate research philosophy is the first and foremost important thing that the researcher is required to carry out in performing the collection of most relevant data. Research philosophy is concerned with the development of research background, research knowledge and its nature. The research philosophy selection can be done from the three available philosophies such as positivism, realism and interpretive research philosophy. The selection of appropriate philosophy is dependent on the nature of the research to a greater level. As in the given research on examining the cross cultural issues faced by businesses across international boundaries, the research philosophy that is highly suitable is positivism philosophy because it has been quite clear that cultural differences poses issues to businesses in successfully performing their operations across international boundaries. As a result, a positivist approach is likely to ensure the collectio n of most relevant data appropriate to answering the research question (Muijs, 2010 Data Types Selection: As a part of performing the collection of data, the researcher is required to make decision with respect to the appropriate data types necessary in achieving the research objectives efficiently. The data types as available are mainly categorised into two major types including the qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data ensures the collection of in-depth data whereby the researcher focuses on collecting subjective data. However, quantitative data is concerned with the collection of numerical data whereby the researcher emphasises on performing the measurement of the collected data. There can be the applicability of mixed research methodology that can be ensured by researcher depending on the type and requirement. In this research on examining the cultural issues in the context of international business management, the data type that has been considered as highly efficient is mainly the application of mixed methodology whereby both the qualitative data and quantitative data would be collected to analyse the cross cultural issues and their impact on organisations performance (Muijs, 2010). Data Collection Methods: The decision regarding the data collection methods is also essential to be made by the researcher and there can be the application of primary data collection method and secondary data collection method that can be performed by researcher in collecting relevant data in the research. This research also involves the application of both these primary data collection and secondary data collection methods to analyse the management of cross cultural management issues in the international context. The primary data involves the collection of first hand data by the researcher by way of applying techniques such as interviews, surveys, observation etc. Secondary data collection method on the other hand involves the collection of data from already available sources including academic journals, books, online sites, company documents etc. This research on investigating the cultural issues in the context of international boundaries will apply primary data collection in the form of interviews and surveys. The application of both these techniques will allow for the collection of both the subjective data as well as objective data. As for instance, surveys would be carried out with the employees of multinational organisational that are operating in UK so that their viewpoints can be identified with respect to managing business processes by their company in the culturally diverse environment context. The surveys would be carried out through the application of appropriate questionnaire that would comprise of questions on the issues of managing business practices across culturally diverse environment. Apart from this, interviews would also be carried out with the managers of multinational corporations that are operating in UK to analyse the major cultural issues as faced by them, and the management strategies that have been c onsidered for their management. In these ways, the collection of data would be carried out in this research on analysing the management of cultural issues in the context of international business environment conditions. In performing the collection of data from both these sources, the sampling size that would be considered is a sample of 10 managers especially from the global management department of the selected multinational organisations, and a sample of 100 employees from such multinational organisations (Creswell, 2003). Analysis of the Collected Data: The data as collected through the application of interview and survey technique needs to be analysed so that appropriate research findings can be reached. This research involves the collection of data from both these sources, and the interview data as collected will be analysed through applying the thematic analytical technique. As per this technique, appropriate themes would be identified in relation to the cultural issues and their management across international context, and they would then be analysed to reach appropriate conclusion. Contrary to this, the quantitative data collected through the application of survey will be analysed in the form of diagrams and charts to better reflect the respondents responses. In these ways, the analysis of the collected data is performed in this research (Creswell, 2003). Ethical, Validity and Reliability Issues: In performing the collection of data, the role of ethics is significant, and the researcher is therefore required to make adequate level of considerations with respect to such ethical values. In this research, the data collection process will be performed by the researcher by way of following higher ethical values which could be achieved through providing self discretion to the respondents as to participate or not to participate in the research. There will also be the adequate level of protection of anonymity and confidentiality of respondents. Apart from this, the validity feature would be observed in the data collection process in this research by way of ensuring the most appropriate selection of target audience in performing the collection of data i.e. the employees and managers of multinational corporations. This would ensure the attainment of higher level of validity over the collected data. The reliability factor would be ensured over t he collected data by making it sure that the researcher himself engages in the data collection process so that biasness can be eliminated throughout the entire data collection process (Berg and Latin, 2007). References Ajami, R.A. and Goddard, G.J. (2006), International business: theory and practice, 2nd ed., M.E. Sharpe. Berg, K.E. and Latin, R.W. (2007), Essentials of research methods in health, physical education, exercise science, and recreation Point, (3rd ed.), Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Creswell, J.W. (2003), Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd ed, UK: Publisher SAGE. Johnson, J.P., Lenartowicz, T. and Apud, S. (2006), Cross-cultural competence in international business: toward a definition and a model, Journal of Business Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 525-543. Long, C.H. (2004), Religion and Global Culture: New Terrain in the Study of Religion, Lexington Books. Muijs, D. (2010), Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS, (2nd ed.), SAGE Publications Ltd. Shenkar, O. (2001), Cultural Distance Revisited: Towards a More Rigorous Conceptualisation and Measurement of Cultural Differences, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 32 (3), pp. 519-535.